Zimbabwe gained its independence from British colonial rule on April 18, 1980, after a long struggle for independence led by various nationalist movements and political parties. The country was formerly known as Rhodesia, after British businessman and colonialist Cecil Rhodes.
The struggle for independence in Zimbabwe began in the early 1960s, with the formation of political parties such as the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). The nationalist movements were opposed to the white minority rule imposed by the Rhodesian government, which had declared independence from Britain in 1965.
The struggle for independence in Zimbabwe was characterized by armed conflict and political negotiations, with the Lancaster House Agreement signed in 1979 paving the way for free and fair elections in 1980. The elections were won by ZANU, led by Robert Mugabe, who became the first Prime Minister of independent Zimbabwe. Mugabe later became the country's President, ruling until he was ousted by the military in 2017.
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